What you didn't want to know about ECUs can be found here.
Hehe, I see electrical engineering written all over this post, and i've got to be honest- i'm excited to donate what information I can.
Warning: Fixing to Nerd out for a few, hope you don't mind. ;D
Just a few notes considering using any ECU from any SFI setup, or moreover any electronic fuel injection setup. They are all the same thing parts wise. Microcontrollers and Microprocessors, inputs and outputs, lows and highs; that's it. Alejo_NIN is correct, the 'gel' used in many electrical applications is what is called a dielectric, nonconductive coating. A fancy, nonconductive RTV if you will. The 'port' located on the top right is either a maintenance port (Able to reflash any updates, or burn a different set of commands, or a 'script' to said ECU/Microcontroller) or an additional, auxiliary set of inputs and outputs. This can be seen on some cars that are produced in a variety of different models and trims, so as to lower the cost of remanufacturing completely different ECUs for the same car, but with say all-wheel drive, or a V-8, or both!) Anyways, this is a very basic rundown as to what happens:
* Microprocessor is miss-spelled above. Not altering.
The Microprocessor reads and interprets information, either gathered directly or through its interdependency with the microcontroller. The information being sent is incredibly basic (0's and 1's, Binary, otherwise known as highs and lows). A High signal could be interpreted as 5v, or 3v- it is given to our 12v system by the battery, and regulated to what voltage we want by a voltage regulator. A low would be seen as 0.0v, or below a set amount as programmed into the Microcontroller. Microcontrollers are in almost anything and everything where it has an output of anything that depends solely on an input that it is given. TVs, remote controls, computers, car radios, everything. Highs and lows, i'm tellin' you!
The Microcontroller makes decisions based on what is kind of a 'script', or a set of implicit rules to follow. For example: The ECU is pinged 5 times with 5 volts DC from the Mass Air Flow sensor. This hits the processor and the processor interprets it as 5 units of air (How much air at this point doesn't matter for the sake of example). It shoots the same signal of 5vdc/5pls to the Microcontroller, which in turn by it's own script (Often written and 'flashed' or 'burned' to it's own memory or memory held within the ECU, much like computer RAM) says it needs to add 1 unit of fuel for every 1 unit of air. It will send a signal out to the fuel injector currently entering its intake phase; Yes, another voltage, or 'high' saying to release fuel for how long. This process happens a few million times a second, or more. For example, a 24MHz processor or controller runs through its script 24 million times a second, otherwise known as 24,000,000 cycles/second, and that certainly isn't a fast one (My computer has a 3.3GHz processor; tallies 3.3 trillion cycles a second, to put it into a sort of perspective). The reason a 24MHz processor/controller or around that speed is used is because believe it or not, that is all that is needed for these basic calculations. All electronic fuel injection systems work this exact same way, whether it be on a Ferrari or a Daihatsu. It's quite a bit to intake, but it has very basic principles and is very easy to replicate across the board. The more pistons, often the more inputs required as far as location of cams, pistons and their current phase (intake, compression, explosion, exhaust), injector, throttle position and air information. In any case, if there is any information I can offer, let me know. A coworker and I were thinking of building an ECU from scratch, essentially a Megasquirt but made from parts you would buy at say, Sparkfun.com. Would you believe an ECU costs about 30-40 dollars in parts and a handful of hours, if not less for the average 4 cylinder?
-passes soapbox-
If anyone has any questions- let me know. More than happy to help when and where I can.
PS- I'll have a look at my datasheets for the micros used in our ECU, see if I can find any info out; simply altering the information thats already there, or reflashing, and it'd be like a brand new ECU. My datasheets have the inputs and outputs of all the pins for our ECU, so it would be easy to query the MCU and see what it is wanting done.