Lower octane may not throw codes but will hurt your gas mileage and your internals. Your engine is now running hotter than it should obvisously causing some slow irreversible damage. IF you dont plan to keep the car past warranty then dont worry about it. If you do, stop doing that to your car.
Actually that is not true. I will agree it may get slightly less gas mileage (probably not even noticable)
The engine is not running hotter. Why would you think that?
Todays cars are equipped with knock sensors that limit or retard ignition timing when this happens. The full horsepower and torque potential is lost when this happens. Fuel economy suffers some... but it varies with how you drive.
If the car isn't knocking, no serious damage is being done.
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