2020 Highlander vs 2nd generation CX-9

About exhausts...
...A single, correctly designed exhaust system has power advantages over dual exhaust on a naturally aspirated engine. Of course an engine with a single turbocharger gains no dual exhaust advantage at all; duals here are just for marketing.
...The correct exhaust design has the negative sound pressure wave in the exhaust tubing arriving back at the exhaust port at the time the exhaust valve begins to open. This is effective scavenging.
...A conventional dual exhaust has two pulses from the same v-bank following each other one time each firing cycle resulting in "clogging" of the system, excessive back pressure at this moment and not effective scavenging. Larger diameter pipes are not an advantage. Too-large pipes allow the hot exhaust gas pulses to cool and slow, thus hindering correct scavenging. All back pressure is bad, but big pipes aren't the answer. Duals with x-crossover like race cars are effective, but expensive.
...The main benefit of dual exhaust is two smaller diameter mufflers for increased ground clearance. And that sound....
 
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