did you look at the gear ratios? 5th gear has a significantly higher ratio than 4th. this is considered over drive, as it is the highway cruising gear in the g25-mr. over drive in an automatic transmission is, as explained by how stuff works :
You've probably never tried driving a manual transmission car using only third gear. If you did, you'd quickly find out that you had almost no acceleration when starting out, and at high speeds, the engine would be screaming along near the red-line. A car like this would wear out very quickly and would be nearly undriveable.
So the transmission uses gears to make more effective use of the engine's
torque, and to keep the engine operating at an appropriate speed.
The key difference between a manual and an automatic transmission is that the manual transmission locks and unlocks different sets of
gears to the output shaft to achieve the various gear ratios, while in an automatic transmission, the same set of gears produces all of the different gear ratios. The planetary gearset is the device that makes this possible in an automatic transmission. Let's take a look at how the planetary gearset works.
Any planetary gearset has three main components:
- The sun gear
- The planet gears and the planet gears' carrier
- The ring gear
Each of these three components can be the input, the output or can be held stationary. Choosing which piece plays which role determines the gear ratio for the gearset. Let's take a look at a single planetary gearset.
One of the planetary gearsets from our transmission has a ring gear with 72 teeth and a sun gear with 30 teeth. We can get lots of different gear ratios out of this gearset.
<TABLE cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=3 width=430 align=center bgColor=lightyellow border=1><TBODY><TR><TD></TD><TD>[FONT=arial,helvetica][SIZE=-1]<CENTER>
Input</CENTER>[/SIZE][/FONT]</TD><TD>[FONT=arial,helvetica][SIZE=-1]<CENTER>
Output</CENTER>[/SIZE][/FONT]</TD><TD>[FONT=arial,helvetica][SIZE=-1]<CENTER>
Stationary</CENTER>[/SIZE][/FONT]</TD><TD>[FONT=arial,helvetica][SIZE=-1]<CENTER>
Calculation</CENTER>[/SIZE][/FONT]</TD><TD>[FONT=arial,helvetica][SIZE=-1]<CENTER>
Gear Ratio</CENTER>[/SIZE][/FONT]</TD></TR><TR><TD>[FONT=arial,helvetica][SIZE=-1]<CENTER>
A</CENTER>[/SIZE][/FONT]</TD><TD>[FONT=arial,helvetica][SIZE=-1]<CENTER>Sun (
S)</CENTER>[/SIZE][/FONT]</TD><TD>[FONT=arial,helvetica][SIZE=-1]<CENTER>Planet Carrier (
C)</CENTER>[/SIZE][/FONT]</TD><TD>[FONT=arial,helvetica][SIZE=-1]<CENTER>Ring (
R)</CENTER>[/SIZE][/FONT]</TD><TD>[FONT=arial,helvetica][SIZE=-1]<CENTER>1 + R/S</CENTER>[/SIZE][/FONT]</TD><TD>[FONT=arial,helvetica][SIZE=-1]<CENTER>3.4:1</CENTER>[/SIZE][/FONT]</TD></TR><TR><TD>[FONT=arial,helvetica][SIZE=-1]<CENTER>
B</CENTER>[/SIZE][/FONT]</TD><TD>[FONT=arial,helvetica][SIZE=-1]<CENTER>Planet Carrier (
C)</CENTER>[/SIZE][/FONT]</TD><TD>[FONT=arial,helvetica][SIZE=-1]<CENTER>Ring (
R)</CENTER>[/SIZE][/FONT]</TD><TD>[FONT=arial,helvetica][SIZE=-1]<CENTER>Sun (
S)</CENTER>[/SIZE][/FONT]</TD><TD>[FONT=arial,helvetica][SIZE=-1]<CENTER>1 / (1 + S/R)</CENTER>[/SIZE][/FONT]</TD><TD>[FONT=arial,helvetica][SIZE=-1]<CENTER>0.71:1</CENTER>[/SIZE][/FONT]</TD></TR><TR><TD>[FONT=arial,helvetica][SIZE=-1]<CENTER>
C</CENTER>[/SIZE][/FONT]</TD><TD>[FONT=arial,helvetica][SIZE=-1]<CENTER>Sun (
S)</CENTER>[/SIZE][/FONT]</TD><TD>[FONT=arial,helvetica][SIZE=-1]<CENTER>Ring (
R)</CENTER>[/SIZE][/FONT]</TD><TD>[FONT=arial,helvetica][SIZE=-1]<CENTER>Planet Carrier (
C)</CENTER>[/SIZE][/FONT]</TD><TD>[FONT=arial,helvetica][SIZE=-1]<CENTER>-R/S</CENTER>[/SIZE][/FONT]</TD><TD>[FONT=arial,helvetica][SIZE=-1]<CENTER>-2.4:1</CENTER>[/SIZE][/FONT]</TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>
Also, locking any two of the three components together will lock up the whole device at a 1:1 gear reduction. Notice that the first gear ratio listed above is a
reduction -- the output speed is slower than the input speed. The second is an
overdrive -- the output speed is faster than the input speed. The last is a reduction again, but the output direction is reversed. There are several other ratios that can be gotten out of this planetary gear set, but these are the ones that are relevant to our automatic transmission. You can try these out in the animation below:
<CENTER>
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27CDB6E-AE6D-11cf-96B8-444553540000>
<embedsrc="http://static.howstuffworks.com/flash/automatic-transmission-planetary.swf" quality="high"pluginspage="http://www.macromedia.com/shockwave/download/index.cgi?P1_Prod_Version=ShockwaveFlash" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" width="405"height="300"> </embed> </OBJECT>
[SIZE=-1]
Animation of the different gear ratios related to automatic transmissions
Click on the buttons on the left in the table above.[/SIZE]
</CENTER>So this one set of gears can produce all of these different gear ratios without having to engage or disengage any other gears. With two of these gearsets in a row, we can get the four forward gears and one reverse gear our transmission needs. We'll put the two sets of gears together in the next section.
see how fun that is? we learned today! they have completely different gear sets! ZOMG OVERDRIVE IN AUTOMATIC IS NOTHING LIKE OVERDRIVE IN MANUAL. it refers to a ratio in a manual and an entire planetary gear in an automatic. thanks for playing try again!<!-- Page Break -->
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